Mango leaves free essay sample

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the diuretic effect of mango leaves extract on mice. We will write a custom essay sample on Mango leaves or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also determines its rate of micturition on mice. Mango is mentioned in ancient scripts for its great nutritive value. Mango leaves are proven to treat different kind of illness. It contains enzymes that are an ideal antidote for all toxic effects inside the body. It is regarded as a valuable item of diet and a household remedy. Mangiferin from the leaves has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, diuretic, chloretic and cardio tonic activities and displays a high antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria. Mango leaves were boiled for 5-10 minutes and extract were given to the mice. As the results of the recorded data, shows that the calculated F of 3.29 was higher than the table F of 2.8661 at 0.05% level of significance. There is a significant difference in the diuretic effect of mango leaves extract on mice. It was shown that it was able to let the mice micturate frequently as the commercial one does. CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Rationale Mango (Mangifera indica) is the most popular fruit of the tropics and is called â€Å"The King of Asiatic Fruit†. Mango is a fleshy drupe, variable in size and shape, with varying mixtures of yellow, green and red colors. As a tree it has medicinal values that ranges from its fruit extract, leaf, stem bark extract, dried mango flower and extract of unripe fruits and of bark stem and leaves have shown antibiotic activity. Mango is natural curative plant without any side effects. Mango is mentioned in ancient scripts for its great nutritive value. It is regarded as a valuable item of diet and a household remedy. Mango has astringent, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-syphyllic, anti-parasitic, diaphoretic, vermifuge, and diuretic properties. It stimulates appetite as well. According to Hakeem Hashmi, reputed Unani physician, a normal size mango is more nourishing for the human body than butter or almonds. It strengthens and invigorates all the nerves tissues, muscles in the brain , heart and other parts of the body. In addition to its delicious taste, apparently eaten a mango leaf also has medicinal properties that are useful to overcome various diseases. Based on scientific research, the young mango leaves are antimicrobial and antioxidant substances that prevent cancer. Active compounds in the leaves of mango consist of group of tannins called anthocyanidins. Aside from anthocyanidins, the leaves also contain glucoside mangiferine. Mangiferin from the leaves has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, diuretic, chloretic and cardio tonic activities and displays a high antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria. With this idea, the researcher has come up to an idea to use the mango leaves extract to determine its diuretic effect on mice. Statement of the Problem This study will try to find out if the mango leaves extract has a diuretic effect on mice.  Specifically, this study will try to answer the following questions: 1. Do mango leaves extract has a diuretic effect on mice? 2. Is there a significant difference in the diuretic effect of mango leaves extract on mice in terms of: 2.1 micturition rate Null Hypothesis Ho: There is no significant difference in the diuretic effect of mango leaves extract on mice. Background of the Study  Nowadays, diseases are very prone. One of this is kidney failure, due to conditions that put a strain on the kidneys that unable to remove urea and other wastes from the blood. Like humans, mice are one of the victims of this disease. They called geriatric diseases. One of the common geriatric diseases of mice is the amyloidosis. Amyloidosis is a term for diseases that have in common the extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrillar proteins in tissues and organs that causes kidney failures on mice. Injured kidneys cant function effectively and may be unable to remove urea and other wastes from the blood. Significance of the Study The importance of this study is to find out the diuretic effect of mango leaves extract on mice. This study will benefit the following: Humans. This can serve as a basis in preventing kidney problems. Students. The results may serve as basis for more future experiments, investigatory projects and other researches in schools that will help the nation. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study was conducted on April and May 2013. This study was limited in determining the diuretic effect of mango leaves extract on mice. It was performed indoors to control mixing of dust particles in the preparation of the solution and to keep the mice comfortable. It was conducted in Deca Homes, Jagobiao, Mandue City. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Mango leaves are alternately arranged, lanceolate (long and narrow) shaped, 6 to 16 inches in length and leathery in texture. The leaves are pinkish, amber, or pale-green-colored when young and become dark green at maturity. This mango leaves are anti-asthmatic, antiseptic, antiviral, cardio tonic, emetic, expectorant, hypotensive and laxative. It has the content which is composed of: protein 3.0 %; fat 0.4%; carbohydrates 16.5%; fiber 1.6%; calcium 29 mg/100g; phosphorus 72 mg; iron 6.2 mg; Vitamin A (carotene) 1,490 I.U; thiamine 0.04 mg; riboflavin 0.06 mg; niacin 2.2 mg; ascorbic acid 53 mg/100g. In India, cows were formerly fed with mango leaves to obtain their urine euxanthic acid which is rich in yellow and has been used as dye. In the Philippines, mango leaves are used as herbal medicine because it can cure many illnesses. The enzymes of the mango, such as mangiferin, katechol oxidase and lactase, clean the bowel of the filth within and are an ideal antidote for all toxic effects inside the body. They provide also sufficient resistance to fight any germs and afflictions. The leaves contain glucoside mangiferine. Mangiferin from the leaves has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, diuretic, chloretic and cardio tonic activities and displays a high antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria. Mangiferin shows antiviral effect against Type I herpes simplex virus which could be useful in anti-herpes ointments. The bark of the mango tree contains 16 20% tannin and also mangiferine. It acts ad stringent and is believed to possess a tonic action on the mucous membrane. It is anathematic, useful in hemoptysis, hemorrhage, nasal catarrh, diarrhea, ulcers, diphtheria, and rheumatism and for lumbrici (Unani Herbalist). Definition of Terms Mice. The animal used for the study bought from the pet shop. Diluted. The process of making weaker or less concentrated. Diuretic Effect. It elevates the rate of urination and thus provides a means of forced diuresis. Mango Leaves Extract. The extract from mango leaves to be used as diuretic. Furosemide. A diuretic drug that is responsible for partial emptying of the kidneys. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Fig.1. Conceptual Framework CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY Collection and Preparation of the Materials The materials needed are the following: Mango leaves, water, newspaper, twelve (12) white mice, basin, twenty (12) small plastic cups (egg cups), six (6) cages, measuring cup, water bottle (500 mL), casserole, two (2) Furosemide tablet (40 mg) and weighing scale. Preparation of Extract Weigh 500 grams of mango leaves using the weighing scale. Wash the mango leaves properly and place it in the newspaper for drying. After drying, put the mango leaves on the casserole containing 500 mL of water and let it boil for 5-10 minutes. Preparation of the Experimental Set-ups 1. Prepare the twelve (12) small plastic cups. 2. After boiling, put the extract on a 500 mL water bottle for storage. Measure one (10 mL), 5 mL, 6 mL and 3 mL mango extract. For the Furosemide tablet (40 mg), dilute in 30 mL water and measure (10 mL) of it. 3. Pour the (10 mL) mango extract on the small plastic cup. Dilute the 5 mL extract on 5 mL water, the 6 mL extract on 4 mL water and lastly, the 3 mL extract on 7 mL water. Pour the solution on the small plastic cups. 4. The five (5) mice are to be given treatment and each of them is placed in different cage.  The remaining seven (7) mice are being kept in one cage and to be given a 10 mL extract. Testing the Different Treatment Diluted in Water Use one (1) mice for the 10 mL solution (puree), one (1) mice for the 10 mL solution (diluted in 50% water), one (1) mice for the 10 mL solution (diluted in 40% water), one (1) mice for 10 mL solution (diluted in 70% water) and one (1) mice for 10 mL solution of Furosemide (40 mg) diluted in 30 mL water. 1. The mice are fed with Pellet. After 3-4 hours, the treatment is given on them. 2. Observe it for five (5) days and monitor its urination every 30 minutes a day (equivalent to 3 hours). Recording

Graffiti Is Our Right, Not A Crime Professor Ramos Blog

Graffiti Is Our Right, Not A Crime Imagine not agreeing with something within your community, or even society as a whole, and wanting to express your protest against or for that issue. This is a very pressing issue like gay marriage, gun laws, war, or equality. Now imagine you decided you are going to become an advocate for that particular issue you feel so strongly about, and then you get arrested and charged as a felon for protesting peacefully. This happened a lot in the 1920’s with all of the segregation laws, but I am talking about now, 2019. You can be arrested if you protest via graffiti. Vandalism, defacement, doodle, scribbles, these are the derogatory terms used everyday for graffiti. Other famous pieces of work like The Starry Night, Girl With the Pearl Earring, or even Mona Lisa would never be associated with just a â€Å"doodle.† Those great masterpieces are art. We see graffiti literally everywhere, and since the beginning of its popularity, it has been a taboo. Graffiti may technically be a criminal act, but does condemning the act of graffiti violate our American rights? I am going to explain what graffiti is, who the most infamous artists are, why graffiti is so controversial, and why graffiti is indeed and art form and not a crime. According to the English Oxford Dictionary, graffiti’s definition states, â€Å"writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surfaces in a public place† (2019). According to the Urban Dictionary, graffiti’s definition states, â€Å"the practice of systematically and stylistically marking infrastructure† (2019). This clashing information can be a bit confusing, but the common factor is that graffiti is indeed markings upon walls. Believe it or not, the world is no stranger to markings upon the walls that were put up by the hands of humans. Some odd 2 to 3 million years ago, there walked cavemen on this Earth. There have been findings of these million year old caves that housed these beings, along with markings upon the walls of the caves. The markings told stories of their everyday life. Fast forward to the 8th century of Ancient Greece, Roman, and Egyptian times to their usage of graffiti. Plastered up on the walls of the palaces, tombs, and pyramids are beautiful murals and stories, for what they used for documentation purposes. Also in those times, people would carve or paint protest poems upon the buildings within the cities, in hopes of change among their society. Throughout history, graffiti was used as a positive outlook because walls were the only things that anyone had to write on. Graffiti was intended to send a message to society. Modern graffiti was first recognized in 1965 at Philadelphia’s Youth Development Center. Twelve year old, Darryl â€Å"Cornbread† McCray, tried to stray away from the gang or drug scene, so he mostly stayed to himself and took to drawing, but the juvenile center he was in did not carry the supplies for such expression. One day on his routine job of janitorial duties, he came across the storage of all work equipment, including spray paint. During his time in the facility, he practiced with the art of tagging, and when he got out of the juvenile center, he expanded his canvas. He had no idea he was going to be the pioneer to a movement by simply spraying his nickname, â€Å"Cornbread†, around the streets of Philly. Street art was the new revelation across the world. It stood for a cause worth going down for. Graffiti â€Å"is conceived as a system of communication and action† (Hocking 196). Banksy is the world’s most infamous graffiti artist today, but some â€Å"critics call him a fraud, yet admires call him a genius. While his art may be varied, one clear message emerges: a call for change† (Brenner 4). No one really knows exactly who Banksy is because well graffiti is illegal, and he has artistically bombed literally all over the world like England, Vienna, San Francisco, Barcelona, Paris, and Detroit. Banksy advocates peace, hope, love, and questioning of authority. It is our rights as American’s to use graffiti as a peaceful protest method for change, which is what all of these advocate artists are doing today.   The First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise therof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peacefully to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances† (First).   In simpler terms, any American is permitted to peacefully protest without the fear of punishment.   The most extreme form of punishment from being caught doing graffiti is â€Å"up to ten years of imprisonment, $5,500 in fines, community service, and be a convicted felon,† stated in Chris Denholm’s 2017 article, â€Å"Graffiti-The Mix†(P1).   Punishing advocates for speaking out against the government for wanting an honest change in the way things are goes against what our Constitution states.   Graffiti has been dubbed an anti-social behavioral lash out against society by psychologists.   In short, this means that a person, who p articipates in graffiti, is a mentally unstable person because they are consciously deciding to destroy public property with no remorse. Yes, technically graffiti is an unlawful act because they are purposely defacing someone else’s property and we all know that, but the â€Å"why† is so powerful that it is worth the consequences.   In today’s day in age, people have tried to be heard, but in turn have been forced to be silenced because of their unconventional thinking.   â€Å"These artists rely on graffiti’s rebel status both to communicate their message and, in the process, to undermine the free speech doctrine’s purported allegiance to designate forums and civil speech† (Carroll 12).   Not all graffiti artists are gang related; most are advocates for their cause for living.   These artists feel so strongly about the tough topics of the world that they want to share their passion by displaying the issues at hand.   Art does not have one straightforward definition.   Visual, auditory, and performing arts are all methods in expressing the creator’s imagination, beliefs, or conceptual ideas.   We are all taught at a young age that freedom of speech is to be practiced and taken advantage of, and graffiti defiantly should be protected under this law. Some cities around the country have been made aware that some people use street art for personal protests for certain groups and for cultural purposes to brighten the city. These cities have gone so far in understanding the need for street art among their residents that they have invested in â€Å"free walls†. In Whitford’s 2017 article â€Å"History and Trends of Graffiti†, he states, â€Å"free walls are integrated into cities so that artists can be expressive but not have the fear of being reprimanded†(P2). Every sketch, drawing, or painting has a purpose and I believe that graffiti has it’s own purpose to making a difference in any subculture. Graffiti brings awareness to issues of concern and it is so powerful of the changes it can bring. I understand that by using someone’s business or using public streets for canvases toward the cause of protest. It is not fair that certain places are targeted or â€Å"chosen† to get sprayed all over just to get the point across, but these artists strategically place each art piece in the societies that are being affected the most. Being convicted as a felon for peacefully protesting is a bit harsh. Cases that involve the same charge of â€Å"ten years imprisonment with a felony charge include aggravated sexual assault in the 1st degree, sexual assault in the 3rd degree with a fireman, and sexual offenders that have to register on the sex offender list for life† (Reinhart). There are consequences to everything, especially when trying to make change, so yes there should be some consequences for the business that get effected by these graffiti protestors. Another alternative may be community service either towards covering up the act if the business owner does not approve or community service in giving back. Having the same punishments are criminals who are purposely hurting someone should not be in the same category as trying to practice their First Amendment right. There is no wrong or right way in expression if done in a peaceful way. â€Å"To embed speech on a n object is not only to alter and to claim the object itself, but to transcend the impermanence of spoken word and to defy all forces that would silence or erase the uttered thought† (Carroll 18). Even though there are some downsides to graffiti within communities, the upsides are tremendous. Graffiti brings awareness to those who are blinded by what is going on around them, it causes people to really take a step back and think about issues that are unknowingly affecting them, and it brings people together to fight for a cause. Following the laws is what keeps society from mayhem, but laws have been broken because of change for decades now. Change is inevitable and sometimes everyone just needs to stop and smell the roses around him or her. Art in a frame is like an eagle in a birdcage. Works Cited BRENNER, LEXA. â€Å"The Bansky Effect: Revolutionizing Humanitarian Protest Art.†Harvard International Review, vol. 40, no. 2, Spring 2019, p. 34.EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=f6hAN=136010704site=ehost-live. Carroll, Jenny E. â€Å"Graffiti, Speech, and Crime.†Minnesota Law Review, vol. 103, no. 3, Feb. 2019, pp. 1285–1348.EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=134788095site=ehost-live. Denholm, C. (2017, March 06). Graffiti-The Mix. Retrieved from https://www.themix.org.uk/crime-and-safety/in-trouble/graffiti-9130.html â€Å"First Amendment.†Legal Information Institute, Legal Information Institute, law.cornell.edu/constitution/first_amendment. Graffiti. (2019). Graffiti | Definition of graffiti in English by Oxford Dictionaries. (2019). Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/graffiti Hocking, Bree T. â€Å"Ornament and Order: Graffiti, Street Art and the Parergon.†Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 23, no. 1, Mar. 2017, pp. 196–197.EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/1467-9655.12559. Reinhart, Christopher. â€Å"CRIMES WITH MANDATORY MINIMUM PRISON SENTENCES-UPDATED AND REVISED.†CRIMES WITH MANDATORY MINIMUM PRISON SENTENCES-UPDATED AND REVISED, cga.ct.gov/2008/rpt/2008-R-0619.htm. Whitford, M., Ashworth, G. (2017). History and trends in graffiti.Getting Rid of Graffiti,1-7.

Writing Prompts for Journal Topics and Writing Ideas

Writing Prompts for Journal Topics and Writing Ideas May is often a beautiful month, full of flowers and sunshine. May also celebrates a week for teachers during  Teacher Appreciation Week. Many of the following writing prompts for each day of May are written to take advantage of this time of year. These prompts provide teachers a great way to add more writing time in class. Some have two suggestions, one for middle school (MS) and one for high school (HS). These can be simple writing assignments, warm-ups, or journal entries. Feel free to use these any way you wish. May Holidays American Bike MonthFlower MonthAsthma Allergy Awareness MonthNational Bar-B-Que MonthNational Physical Fitness and Sports MonthOlder Americans MonthNational Hamburger Month Writing Prompt Ideas for May May 1 - Theme: May Day(MS) May Day is a traditional celebration of Spring in countries around the globe, often including dancing and flowers around a maypole. However, May Day is rarely celebrated in the United States. Do you think that Americans should celebrate May Day? Why or why not?(HS) In Chicago 1886, 15 people were killed during the Haymaker Riot strikes held to protest poor working conditions. In sympathy, European nations, many  socialist or communist, established May Day to honor the cause of the worker.   May 2 - Theme: Holocaust Remembrance DaySome people argue that the Holocaust is too disturbing for students to learn about  in middle school or even in high school. Write a persuasive paragraph explaining why it should be included in the curriculum.   May 3 - Theme: National Day of Prayer is usually observed on the first Thursday of May. This  day is an inter-denominational event when faiths from across the country pray for the United States and its leaders. The word pray was first used in the  early 13th century to mean ask earnestly, beg. What would you like to  ask earnestly, beg for  in your life?  Ã‚     May 4 - Theme: Star Wars DayThe date comes from the  catchphrase, May the 4th [force]  Be With You.What is your opinion about the Star Wars film franchise? Do you love it, hate it? Are there reasons to appreciate the series? For example,   from 2015 to the present, the   film series has made millions of dollars: Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)   over $900 millionStar Wars: The Last Jedi (2017) over $600 millionRogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)   over $500 million May 5 - Theme:  Cinco de MayoMany people across the United States celebrate the day, but they do not know what Cinco de Mayo commemorates. The day recognizes when  Mexican Armys victory over the French at the  Battle of Puebla, in 1862. Should there be more education on knowing this holiday or other international holidays?  Ã‚   May 6 - Theme: American Bike Month(MS) 40% of Americans have a bicycle. Do you know how to ride a bike?   Do you have a bicycle? What could be the advantages of having a bicycle? What are the disadvantages of riding a bike?(HS) Urban planners include more bike lanes to reduce car traffic. The benefits of bicycles in cities are the reduction of car emissions and the increase of exercise. Is this planning a good thing? Or, is this planning something cities should do? Could this planning be like the idiom the says something is needed like a fish needs a bicycle  ? May 7 - Theme: Teacher Appreciation  (Week May 7-11)What qualities do you think a great teacher must have? Explain your answer.Do you have a favorite teacher from your school experiences? Write a letter of appreciation to that teacher. May 8 - Theme: National Train DayHigh-speed trains can travel fast with some prototypes with speeds over 400 mph. In theory, a high-speed train could race up the East Coast, from NYC to Miami, in seven hours. The same trip would take a car about 18.5 hours. Should Americans invest in high-speed rails for trains or in roads for cars?     Why or why not?May 9 - Theme: Peter Pan DayPretend you were in J.M. Barries story about Peter Pan, a boy who never grows up and remain eternally young. Which part would you most like to see or do: fly, visit with mermaids, fight the pirate Captain Hook, or meet the mischevious fairy Tinkerbell? Explain your answer. May 10 - Theme: Civil Disobedience.In 1994, political activist  Nelson Mandela was sworn in as South Africas 1st black president. Mandela followed the example of the civil disobedience practices used by Gandhi and Martin Luther King.   Consider Kings statement, Any man who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail to arouse the conscience of the community on the injustice of the law is at that moment expressing the very highest respect for the law.For what injustice would you practice civil disobedience?ORMay 10: Theme: PostcardsIn 1861, the US Post Office authorized the first postcard.  Postcards are usually sent from a vacation place or as a greeting card to mark an event, or even just to say hello.Design a postcard and prepare a message. May 11 - Theme: Asthma Allergy Awareness MonthDo you have asthma or allergies? If so, what are your triggers? (What makes you have an attack or sneeze, etc.) If not, do you think that schools do enough to help those who have asthma and allergies? Why or why not?May 12: Theme: National Limerick DayLimericks are poems with the following scheme: five-lines of an anapestic  meter (unstressed syllable, unstressed syllable, stressed syllable)   with a strict  rhyme scheme  of AABBA. For example: There was an Old Man in a tree,Who was horribly bored by a Bee;When they said, Does it buzz?He replied, Yes, it does!Its a regular brute of a Bee! Try to write a limerick.   May 13 - Theme: Mothers DayWrite a descriptive paragraph or poem about either your Mother or someone who is a Mother figure to you.ORMay 13 - Theme: Tulip DayIn the 17th century, tulip bulbs were so prized that traders would mortgage their houses and fields.   (provide a picture or bring in real tulips). Describe a tulip or another flower using all five senses. May 14 - Theme: Lewis and Clark ExpeditionWilliam Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition was able to create a map of the Louisiana Purchase by merely walking through and exploring it. Today Google uses  cars with custom cameras over  five million miles  to develop their Google Maps apps. How do maps figure in your life? How might they figure in your future?May 15 - Theme: L. F. Baums Birthday - Author of the Wizard of Oz books and creator of Dorothy, the Wicked Witch of the West, the Scarecrow, the Lion, the Tin Man, and the Wizard.Which character from the world of Oz would you most like to meet? Explain your answer. May 16 - Theme: National Bar-B-Que MonthThe  word barbecue comes from the Caribbean word â€Å"barbacoa.† Originally, barbacoa was not a way of cooking food, but the name of a wooden structure used by indigenous Taino Indians to smoke their food. Barbeque ranks in the top 20 most popular foods in the USA. Whats your favorite picnic food? Do you like bar-b-que, hamburgers, hot dogs, fried chicken, or something else entirely? What makes it so special? May 17 - Theme: Kentucky Derby(MS) This horse race is also called  The Run for the Roses for the draped blanket of roses placed over the winning horse. This idiom uses a rose, as do many other idioms. Choose one of the following rose idioms, or any other idiom you know, and give an example as to when it could be used: a bed of rosesa rose by any other namebed of rosesbloom is off the rosebring the roses to (ones) cheekscome out smelling like a rose (HS) Just before the race at the Kentucky Derby, the crowds sing My Old Kentucky Home. The revised lyrics of the original song by Stephen Foster changed the  word darkies,   and substituted the word people. Crowds now sing: The sun shines bright in the old Kentucky homeTis summer, the people are gay... Should songs with questionable lyrics from years ago continue to be used for public events? Are there songs that are so inappropriate that they should be dropped entirely? May 18 - Theme: International Museum DayThere are numerous world-class museums around the world. For example, there is The Louvre, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Hermitage. There are also some oddball museums such as Museum of Bad Art or the National Mustard Museum.If you could create a museum about any topic, what would it be about? Describe two or three exhibits that would be in your museum.May 19 - Theme: Circus MonthIn 1768, the English equestrian  Philip Astley demonstrated trick riding by trotting in a circle rather than a straight line. His act was named a circus. As today is circus day, you have a choice of topics: If you were in a circus, which performer would you be and why?Do you like circuses? Explain your answer.Do you think circuses should feature animals? Why or why not? May 20 - Theme: National Physical Fitness and Sports MonthEach state requires a specific number of minutes that students should participate in physical activity.   If your state requires  physical fitness activity for the next 30 minutes, what activity would you choose? Why? May 21 - Theme: Lindbergh Flight DayOn this day in 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off on his famous flight across the Atlantic. Would you like to learn how to fly a plane? Why or why not? May 22 - Theme: Older Americans MonthDo you believe that older Americans are treated with enough respect today? Explain your answer. May 23 - Theme: World Turtle/Tortoise DayToday is World Turtle Day. Conservation efforts are demonstrating success, and turtle populations are up.   Tortoises can live long lives. One,  Adwaita the Tortoise (1750-2006), is reputed to have lived over 250 years. What events would a tortoise who lived that long have witnessed? What event would you like to have seen? May 24 - Theme: First Morse Code Message SentA simple substitution code is when you replace each letter with a different letter. For example, all As become Bs, and Bs become Cs, etc. I have written the following sentence using this type of code so that each letter of the alphabet is written as the letter that comes after it. What does my sentence say? Do you agree or disagree with it?Dpef csfbljoh jt fbtz boe gvo. May 25 - Theme: John F. Kennedys Speech About Sending a Man to the MoonOn this day in 1961, John F. Kennedy said that America would send a man to the moon before the end of the 1960s.   We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too. Why is this speech so significant? Should Americans continue space exploration because it is hard?   May 26 - Theme: National Hamburger MonthOn average, Americans eat three hamburgers a week. What is your favorite type of hamburger or veggie burger? Is it plain or with toppings like cheese, bacon, onions, etc.? If not a hamburger, what food do you (or could you) eat three times a week? Describe a favorite food using at least three of the five senses. May 27 - Theme: Golden Gate Bridge OpensThe Golden Gate Bridge is a symbol of San Francisco, recognizable by people all over the world. Do you have any symbols or monuments for your city or community? What are they? Even if you dont have a symbol that you can think of,   explain why you think these types of symbols are important to people. May 28 - Theme: Amnesty International DayThe goal of Amnesty International is to protect and promote human rights across the world. Their motto is, Fight injustice and help create a world where human rights are enjoyed by all.  In some countries, genocide (the systemized killing of an entire ethnic group) is still being carried out. What is the responsibility of the United States? Do we have a duty to step in and stop these types of human rights violations? Explain your answer. May 29 - Theme: Paper Clip DayThe paperclip was created in 1889. There is a paperclip game  to play that pits you against market forces. There is also a movie,  Paper Clips, featuring middle school students who collected  one  paper clip  for each  person  exterminated by the Nazis. The paper clip was also a symbol of resistance in Norway against  Nazi  occupation.   This small everyday object has made its way into history. What other uses could you come up with for a paper clip?ORTheme: Memorial DayMemorial Day is a federal holiday that originated when decorations were placed on the graves of Civil War soldiers. Decoration Day gave way to Memorial Day, the last Monday in May.What are three things that we can do to honor those men and women who died while serving in our military?   May 30- Theme-Emerald GemstoneThe emerald is Mays gemstone. The stone is a symbol of rebirth and is believed to grant the owner foresight, good fortune, and youth. The color green  is associated with new life and the promise of spring. What promises of spring do you see now?   May 31 - Theme: Meditation DayA combination of anecdotal and scientific evidence  suggests that meditation in schools may help improve grades and attendance. Yoga and meditation may help students at all grade levels feel happier and more relaxed. What do you know about meditation and yoga? Would you like to see meditation programs brought into your school?

Should battered women be sent to prison for killing their abusers Research Proposal

Should battered women be sent to prison for killing their abusers - Research Proposal Example Therefore, the entire structure of the justice system changed and â€Å"police  officers,  prosecutors,  health  workers and  judges were encouraged to take action against intimate  abuse† (Dutton, 105). The changes in the justice system also gave rise to several challenges and here, a question arose that how battered women should be treated in the eyes of the law after killing their assaulters. The aim of this paper is to analyze the issue of battered women and sending them to prison if they murder their abusers. In order to understand the circumstances in which battered women kill their abusers, it is essential to understand the main features of a crime. In order to prove a crime, it is essential that the court determines whether the act was atrocious, against the law and illegitimate and was committed by the accused willingly, which would make him or her guilty (Jackson, 207). Research suggests that battered women develop mental disorders because of the abuse they experience. According to Jackson (221) , stress, depression, fear, anxiety and hopelessness are the most common psychological disorders found in these women. Furthermore, these women are most likely to experience chronic depression, which makes feel guilty (Dutton & Painter, 615). Furthermore, research suggests that sixty percent of these women remain with their abusive boyfriends or husbands and are unable to take any action because of their unstable mental condition. Research also suggests that these women are suicidal. Gillesp ie (100) suggests that more forty five percent of battered women are most likely to have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. As mentioned earlier, battered women are subjected to domestic violence and hence, they are most likely to suffer from psychological disorders, which may compel them to skill their assaulters after experiencing the abuse for a very long time. In order to define the psychological condition of battered women, the term

The role of the 'social' in war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The role of the 'social' in war - Essay Example But different sources stated that it has started many-many years back, probably millions years or more. As every event has it factors leading to it, war also cannot start without factors that lead to it. These factors include territory, sovereignty, ideology and peaceable. All these can lead the beginning of a war. While introduction about war and it causes are cited, now the primary objective of the writing would be presented; that is outlining and explaining the three elements of war, which include Logistic, Technological and Social. How these elements are put in use in order to achieve victory during a war What are the merit and demerits of the elements if any And what are the historical testimonies where these elements where applied to achieve victory in War All these and others might be bringing into considerations during this writing. The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces.... those aspects of military operations that deal with the design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation and disposition of material; movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; acquisition of construction, maintenance, operation and disposition of facilities; and acquisition of furnishing of service. In some (Juicy Quotes from Clausewitz, 1976), in order to explain further the needs for applying elements of war so that victory would be achieve at all level he has this to say: War is fighting and operates in a peculiar element -- danger. But war is served by many activities quite different from it, all of which concern the maintenance of the fighting forces. These preparatory activities are excluded from the narrower meaning of the art of war -- the actual conduct of war, because they are concerned only with the creation, training, and maintenance of the fighting forces. "The theory of war proper, on the other hand, is concerned with the use of these means, once they have been developed, for the purposes of the war. In another work of (George C. Thorpe's '1986') which outlines and explains the term Logistic as parts of the Science of War also states that: Logistics is essentially moving, supplying, and maintaining Military forces. It is basic to the ability of armies, fleets, and air forces to operate--indeed, to exist. It involves men and materiel, transportation, quarters and depots, communications, evacuation and hospitalization, personnel replacement, service, and administration. In its broader sense, it has been called the economics of warfare, including industrial mobilization, research and development, funding, procurement, recruitment and training, testing, and, in effect, practically everything related to military activities besides strategy and tactics. Logistics, in short, in the words of one irreverent World War II supply officer, is "the stuff that if you don't have enough of, the war will not be won as soon as. TECHNOLOGY: Another outline and explanation of the three elements of War is Technology, which means the

Childs Safety versus Benefits of Risky Play

Childs Safety versus Benefits of Risky Play There is an ongoing debate whether to prioritise the safety of children or the benefits of risky play in early years setting. More particularly, the contention is on the issue of making certain children are safe against allowing them to play in emotionally and physically motivating and challenging contexts. The emphasis is currently on the right of children to participate in risky play. Thus far, there are no investigations classifying risky play. This study will attempt to accomplish this. In the present study, risky play is defined as stimulating or thrilling varieties of play that involve a possibility of physical harm. Children usually want to and participate in risky or challenging varieties of play although, and to a certain extent, it involves the risk of getting injured or hurt. Because of the safety concerns of the Western culture, the issue of risky play in early years and the degree such play should be monitored and regulated are crucial and continuous debates (Greenfield 2003). These debates on play safety have generated safety proceedings and legislation from concerned child care workers and parents. This has invoked further disputes on the balance between the benefits of risky play for child development on one hand, and safety proceedings and litigations on the other hand (New, Mardell Robinson 2005). Normally, play occurs under the supervision of adults, hence controlling what children are permitted to do and where they are permitted to go (Gill 2007). For this reason, adults are influencing the safety of children when playing, and, simultaneously, they embody the greatest limitation on the childs capability of experiencing challenges and risks that are eventually favourable for development (Gill 2007). A persistent argument in the literature is the children gain developmentally from taking risk, and that too much protection from risk can hamper development. Historical and Current Context of the Debate In a continuously evolving world, environmental and social aspects have significantly affected childrens opportunities for emotionally and physically challenging play. Where previously youngsters may have played in the street, playing ball games, riding bicycles or playing other outdoor activities, increased road hazards has made the streets and play opportunities restricted to children as the risk or perils are extremely high. Children nowadays are confined to their houses or designated areas for relatively secured places to play. Still even these are transforming (Ball 2002). With increasing populations, the enlarged need for housing in several areas, specifically urban areas, is weakening the play spaces of children. High-density housing is increasingly becoming widespread and housing units are becoming smaller (Rivkin 1995). Coupled with diminished opportunities for parents to allocate time for the supervision and participation in their childrens play due to expanded work obligat ions, this condition has led to greatly decreased opportunities for childrens participation in risky play (Rivkin 1995). In addition to this, diminished risky play experiences have been ascribed to the fears of parents for the safety of their children. A UK survey discovered that, although 91 percent of the grown-ups asked understood the benefit of risky play, 60 percent said they were worried about their childrens safety when playing in unsafe places (Valentine McKendrick 1997). Consequently, parents place higher constraints on their childrens independent plays. Their worries have aided the development of overprotective or domineering parenting, by which the world is viewed as a naturally unsafe place from which children have to be protected (New et al. 2005). This concern for safety is present on several levels, involving concerns linked to safety stemming from stranger danger (p. 49) and increased street hazards, as well as those linked to harm inflicted by the use of play equipment, such as skateboards, roller blades, etc., and playground. In contrast, Ball (2002) emphasises that, because the advantages of risky play are not simply determined using recognised western scientific processes, they have a tendency not to be properly regarded in discussions about risk and play. He argues: If the purpose of an activity is not directly considered, then a balance between risk and benefit cannot be struck and one is in danger of considering only one side of the equation (p. 51). It is claimed risk taking can have favourable effects in terms of childrens emotional, social and developmental needs, as well as their general well-being (Ball 2002). Advocates of risky play tend to argue that removing risks deny children the opportunity to evaluate them competently, and hence they are unprepared to cope with any circumstances they may experience in later life (Childrens Play Council 2004). It is argued that, by giving chances to children to deal with their own risks in a regulated environment, they will become skilled at important life capabilities required for adulthood, and acquire the experience required to confront the changeable nature of the world (Childrens Play Council 2004). Gill (2007) claims that depriving children this opportunity may generate a society of risk-disinclined population, or citizens incapable of dealing with daily situations, or in children easily locating more hazardous areas to perform their risk-taking behaviour; risk-taking is regarded to have additional advantages, which contribute to the cultivation of favourable personality attributes, such as creativity (Ball 2002). Through exposure to cautiously supervised risks children become skilled at sound judgment in evaluating risks themselves, thus developing self-esteem, resilience, and confidence, attributes that are crucial for their later independence (Ball 2002). Moreover, a developing culture of litigation has led to the elimination of playground paraphernalia from numerous public places and a growing anxiety amongst educators and child care workers that they will be held responsible for any harm sustained by a child while in their supervision (Childrens Play Council 2004). Moreover, children who adopt and use more minor techniques to play may be open to the more threatening possibilities of chronic illness linked to diminished levels of activity. Experimental data with children in preschools (Smith Hagan 1980) and early school years (Pellegrini Davis 1993) shows that participants who have been denied of physical play for a given period of time will, when provided with the opportunity, participate in physical activities that are much more challenging and persistent. This effect of deprivation was discovered to be more intense for boys than for girls and indicates that risk reduction techniques that limit physical activities are prone to have a direct effect on the plays quality (Mitchell et al. 2006). Hence, the benefit of risk-taking in facilitating childrens development and learning in the context of risky play will be explored in the present study. Current Debate Providing opportunities of risk-taking for children in physical play does not imply that safety is taken for granted. Instead it implies that parents and educators have to be highly aware of the dangers and carry out all the essential steps to make sure that the environment is safe, and to have sufficient number of staffs to supervise risky play (Mitchell et al. 2006). Even within the field of playground safety and harm prevention there is recognition of the benefit of risk-taking during play. As argued by Mitchell and colleagues (2006), children should have opportunities to explore and experiment in an environment that provides a degree of managed risk (p. 122), because eventually, regardless how secure the play environment is, it will fall short in meeting its goal if it is not thrilling and appealing for children. Inopportunely, the concept risk-taking is generally understood with negative implications, with danger and risk usually viewed as synonymous (New et al. 2005). However, Greenfield (2003) thinks a differentiation should be made between these two concepts; risk links to the childs doubt about being capable of attaining the desired result, involving a decision whether to take risk or not, whilst danger is something the child does not perceive. Grown-ups can mostly perceive the dangers and try to get rid of them. The way is in that case certain for children to confront the challenge and take the risk should they decide to do so (Greenfield 2003). This also requires giving sufficient assistance and supervision and being conscious of those features of the childs activities that may contribute to severe injury, particularly as an outcome of improper use of playground tools (Ball 2002). The concept of finding the symmetry is integral if children are to have the chance to encounter some risk in their lives. This symmetry can be realised when adults respond perceptively to individual behaviour patterns (Gill 2007); to recognise and develop childrens capability of evaluating and managing risk, as well as their need for stimulation and challenge in their play. Conclusions Risk is a crucial deliberation within the play field, but it remains a comparatively under-studied field. The studies that have been conducted appears to assume that play is both pleasurable and favourable to children, and there is a number of substantiation that children have a higher understanding of and capability of handling risk than they are credited for. It also proposes that chances for children to evaluate and encounter risk in play are constrained because of several attitudes and structural limitations. Several authors call this a risk-averse society due to the carefulness of risk evaluation in childrens play opportunity, and the prevailing judgment adults adopt towards risky play. There is substantiation to indicate that several of the measures that have been adopted to build safer play for children are not needed or efficient. Scholars appeal for acknowledgement of the potential impacts that thorough safety norms have for children, and propose using a new strategy of risk evaluation.

Philosophy of Professional Nursing Essay

Nursing as a profession includes a comprehensive strong set of principles, which should be understood and learned by each person, who decides to work in this field. Nursing philosophy, in my opinion, is not merely a philosophy of carative process, but also specific view on the patient. The present paper is designed to discuss my own approach to my profession and the related beliefs. Nursing first and foremost refers to health care, so the major value in this profession is health. I define this term as a state of physical, psychological and spiritual well-being. Individuals not always pay attention to their health, even though it substantially influences the quality of human life, so competent specialists are needed to help them understand the importance of health and lead them on their paths to positive individual and social functioning. As a nurse, or health care provided, I normally use Dunn’s approach to health as to maximum wellness, which can be described as â€Å"integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable within the environment where he is functioning† (Smerke, 1989, p. 154). Individuals tend to engage in energy exchange with their environment and also seek to achieve balance in this process, or simply adapt to the environment. Although individuals strive to achieve balance and maximum functional status, they also actively seek new experiences that may disturb their balance at least temporarily† (Smerke, 1989, p. 155). This means, it is also important to deal with the roots of health dysfunctions such as lifestyle, habits, negative influences of the closest environment, job stress and so forth – I believe, each nurse is supposed to provide recommendations concerning the elimination or minimization of negative external influences and the development of healthy lifestyle, which increases productivity and both physical and psychological balance. Thus, it is necessary to take a holistic approach to health (Andrews and Amphlett, 1995), which would include both the satisfaction of health-related needs and attention to the patient’s individuality, as the final goal of nursing is the maximization of well-being. Speaking about the view on client within the philosophy of professional nursing, it is important to note that the patient â€Å"is a human being who has dignity, worth and the right to quality nursing care delivered with competence. The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the dignity and uniqueness of every individual with attention to the cultural and ethnic diversity of patients and their significant others† (Smith, 1995, p. 11). Individuals operate in dissimilar environments, so different issues might influence their health. Attentive listening and compassion within the basic nursing care might have really therapeutic effects, which will appear motivating to both nurse and health care service user. In addition, mutual understanding between the patient and the nurse are necessary to develop a true partnership in the relationship (Andrews and Amphlett, 1995), this aspect especially relates to the work with children, who often have fear of health services, hospitals and specialists in the corresponding uniform and thus refuse to cooperate. The respect for patient’s dignity includes non-judgmental approach to the client’s lifestyle and cultural sensitivity. The nurse is not entitled to be a spiritual teacher, and should be tolerant enough to avoid accusing patients of their health problems, such professionals, as I believe, should rather inspire patients to develop healthy habits rather than demonstrating strong dissatisfaction. Nurse’s role is not limited to the assistance in carrying out doctor’s orders, as they are often supposed to make their own decisions, as the number of unpredicted and unexpected situations is huge in the sphere of health care. I deem, nurses should also be advocates for patients, as they deal with service users much more closely than doctors and thus are welcome to suggest certain changes in the process of health care and discuss them with therapists (for instance, therapists not always notice that patients also require professional psychological counseling, so nurse should not hesitate to talk about this situation). I believe, nurses should also provide counseling in health care and, being prepared for work in the globalized society, they should take into consideration the client’s cultural background and their personal values, through which it is easier to articulate the necessity of adherence to certain recommendations. Furthermore, globalization also determines the need for social activity among nurses, as wellness and well-being might be threatened by dissatisfactory living conditions like poverty, against which they are encouraged to act, creating unions and associations. Working in health care teams, nurses also act as managers and team leaders, with respect to their competencies and skills. In the modern society, nursing should rely upon the specialist’s professionalism, or the ability to use the skills, learned in the course of education, depending upon the situation. Professionalism also involves the responsibility for human life and health (Smith, 1993), as nurses often have much freedom in health services and thus should be flexible enough to apply the knowledge of various disciplines where they are relevant. I believe it is also necessary to renew and enrich the knowledge; for his purpose, nursing includes the research of professional literature. To sum up, my own philosophy of nursing was developed to great extent owing to education (including self-training), as it was necessary to find out more about different approaches to health care and select the set of principles, with which I am completely consistent and to which I can adhere as a specialist. My philosophical views, as one can conclude, are comprehensive, as I take into consideration such issues as holism in health care, professional contact with patients, nurse’s roles, multiculturalism and research.